Modelling and Simulation of Gas Stations: A Systematic Literature Review and Bibliometric Analysis

Abstract

Gas stations play a vital role in transportation and energy distribution systems, necessitating efficient operational strategies to enhance service quality and customer satisfaction. Various modelling and simulation techniques have been employed to analyse and optimise gas station operations. This study presents a systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis of modelling and simulation approaches applied to gas station systems. Relevant studies published between 2010 and 2025 were retrieved from major scientific databases and screened using a systematic selection process. Fifty studies were identified and categorised into queueing theory, discrete event simulation, Petri net-based models, intelligent systems, optimisation techniques, multi-agent systems, system dynamics, and hybrid approaches. The findings reveal that discrete event simulation is the most widely adopted technique, whereas Petri net-based approaches offer superior capabilities for modelling concurrency, synchronisation, and hierarchical structures. Furthermore, intelligent and hybrid approaches have shown promising potential for improving operational efficiency and decision-making. However, existing studies largely focus on isolated operational stages and provide limited support for comprehensive modelling of integrated gas station processes. The study highlights current research trends, identifies existing gaps, and provides directions for future research.