A systematic approach to the development of an iot-enabled cardiovascular monitoring device

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases are a major health concern and a leading cause of global mortality.  Conventional cardiovascular monitoring devices are expensive and cannot remotely monitor the cardiovascular system. This study aimed to apply a systematic approach for the development of an IoT-enabled cardiovascular monitoring device.  The system is powered by two 3.7V lithium-ion batteries and consists of an electrocardiogram (ECG) module, a blood oxygen level and heart rate module, a 16×2 liquid crystal display screen, an I2C interface, a Wi-Fi microcontroller unit, a resistor, a transistor, a buzzer, and several connecting wires. The circuit was designed and simulated, followed by device construction. The microcontroller was programmed to collect and transmit patient data to a database over a Wi-Fi network. The data are accessed by a desktop application at an interval of thirty seconds, and displayed in tables and ECG graphs. Pilot testing was conducted to determine the efficacy of the device. The ECG waveforms obtained exhibited typical ECG features, with consistent and periodic peaks, indicating a regular heart rhythm. The recorded mean SpO₂ and heart rate values of 97.5 ± 1.01 and 81.27 ± 22.97 Beats per minute (BPM) align closely with values reported in previous studies involving healthy adults. Test results demonstrate the device’s feasibility and safety for real-time cardiovascular patient monitoring.