Evaluating the Impact of Virtual Reality (VR) Technology in Enhancing Waste Sorting Skills

Abstract

The inefficiency of solid waste management in rapidly urbanizing regions such as Lagos, Nigeria, presents a persistent environmental challenge largely driven by inadequate waste sorting at the source. Conventional educational interventions often fail to translate theoretical knowledge into effective waste sorting skills. This study explores the potential of virtual reality (VR) as a tool to improve waste-sorting performance among university students through an interactive, gamified learning experience. A total of 274 participants were exposed to a custom-designed VR module featuring a tutorial, a timed sorting simulation, and a visual feedback system. A baseline assessment of waste management knowledge and technology acceptance was also investigated. This study reported an increase in waste-sorting accuracy (84.5%) with the use of the VR system. The use of visuals to represent different waste categories and the negative impacts of improper waste sorting also increased their knowledge and attitudes towards waste management after exposure to the VR learning environment. This research highlights the potential of VR technology as a viable and impactful tool for bridging the knowledge-skill gap in environmental education and sustainable waste management.